Queen Isabella II

Isabella II (October 10, 1830 - April 19, 1904) - Queen of Spain in 1833-1868. Daughter of Ferdinand VII and Maria Cristina of Naples. Since 1837, the country's first constitutional monarch. Isabella came to the throne because of her father's abolition of the Salic law. But both the pragmatic sanction itself and the process of its adoption caused heated debates in Spanish society. Ferdinand VII had no children for a long time. But he did not want to transfer the throne to his brother Karl, known for his conservatism. On March 31, 1830, after it became known about the pregnancy of Maria Christina, Ferdinand VII promulgated a pragmatic sanction. According to her, a born child, regardless of gender, became the ruler of Spain. This provoked the outrage of conservatives and carlists, but approval of the supporters of liberal reforms.